Partendo da un dvd con debian 10 MATE si selezione la modalità live. Se sul pc è gia installato un SO viene chiesto di assegnare dello spazio alla nuova installazione (ci deve essere spazio sufficiente). Nel mil caso avevo già win7 installato e parcchio spazio così ho assegnato una buona quota a debian. Si dà il caso che a seguito di casini ho dovuto reinstallare debian. Alla fine mi sono trovato tre SO attivabile a scelta al boot: debian nuovo, win7, debian vechio e scassato ma ancora funzionante (vedere come fare a eliminare questo). Siccome il mio pc ha una scheda grafica forsevecchia tipo RADEON inizialmente, nella prima installazione di debian 10 avevo scaricato dei driver (mettere link). Inoltre avevo installato chrome (mettere link) . Il tutto in formato .deb. Ho installato gdebi che è un installatore di pacchetti deb, non so se era necessario visto che in mate c’è già un gestore di pacchetti. Ho poi installato JOE che è il mio editor preferito. Ho scoperto che le partizioni di win7 e del vecchio debian sono visibili come volumi quindi invece di scaricare di nuovo i driver per RADEON e CHROME li ho copiati dal vecchio sistema dopo aver montato i volumi.
DEBIAN 10 LIVE
Partendo da un dvd con debian 10 MATE si selezione la modalità live. Se sul pc è gia installato un SO viene chiesto di assegnare dello spazio alla nuova installazione (ci deve essere spazio sufficiente). Nel mil caso avevo già win7 installato e parcchio spazio così ho assegnato una buona quota a debian. Si dà il caso che a seguito di casini ho dovuto reinstallare debian. Alla fine mi sono trovato tre SO attivabile a scelta al boot: debian nuovo, win7, debian vechio e scassato ma ancora funzionante (vedere come fare a eliminare questo). Siccome il mio pc ha una scheda grafica forsevecchia tipo RADEON inizialmente, nella prima installazione di debian 10 avevo scaricato dei driver (mettere link). Inoltre avevo installato chrome (mettere link) . Il tutto in formato .deb. Ho installato gdebi che è un installatore di pacchetti deb, non so se era necessario visto che in mate c’è già un gestore di pacchetti. Ho poi installato JOE che è il mio editor preferito. Ho scoperto che le partizioni di win7 e del vecchio debian sono visibili come volumi quindi invece di scaricare di nuovo i driver per RADEON e CHROME li ho copiati dal vecchio sistema dopo aver montato i volumi.
10 sudo apt-get install aptitude 11 su 12 whoami 13 su sudo 14 su 15 sudo root passwd 16 root passwd 17 sudo su 18 wget https://dl.google.com/linux/direct/google-chrome-stable_current_amd6 19 sudo wget https://dl.google.com/linux/direct/google-chrome-stable_current 20 sudo apt-get install wget 21 sudo wget https://dl.google.com/linux/direct/google-chrome-stable_current 22 ls Joe’s Own Editor 4.6 (utf-8) ** Type Ctrl-K Q to exit or Ctrl-K H for help **
Author: Vivek Gite Last updated: April 24, 2020 1 comment
Iam a new Debian Linux 10 server user. How do I set up an OpenVPN Server on Debian Linux version 10 server to shield my browsing activity from bad guys on public Wi-Fi, and more?
Introduction OpenVPN is a full-featured SSL VPN (virtual private network). It implements OSI layer 2 or 3 secure network extension using the SSL/TLS protocol. It is an open source software and distributed under the GNU GPL. A VPN allows you to connect securely to an insecure public network such as wifi network at the airport or hotel. VPN is also required to access your corporate or enterprise or home server resources. You can bypass the geo-blocked site and increase your privacy or safety online. This tutorial provides step-by-step instructions for configuring an OpenVPN server on Debian Linux 10 server.
Procedure: Debian 10 Set Up OpenVPN Server In 5 Minutes
The steps are as follows:
Step 1 – Update your system
Run the apt command : {vivek@deb10:~ }$ sudo apt update {vivek@deb10:~ }$ sudo apt upgrade
Step 2 – Find and note down your IP address
Use the ip command as follows: {vivek@deb10:~ }$ ip a {vivek@deb10:~ }$ ip a show eth0 Another option is to run the following dig command/host command to find out your public IP address from Linux command line: {vivek@deb10:~ }$ dig +short myip.opendns.com @resolver1.opendns.com OR {vivek@deb10:~ }$ dig TXT +short o-o.myaddr.l.google.com @ns1.google.com | awk -F'"' '{ print $2}'
A note about IP address
Most cloud servers have two types of IP address:
Public static IP address directly assigned to your box and routed from the Internet. For example, Linode, Digital Ocean, and others gives you direct public IP address.
Private static IP address directly attached to your server and your server is behind NAT with public IP address. For example, AWS EC2/Lightsail give you this kind of NAT public IP address.
The script will automatically detect your networking setup. All you have to do is provide correct IP address when asked for it.
Step 3 – Download and run debian10-vpn.sh script
I am going to use the wget command: {vivek@deb10:~ }$ wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Angristan/openvpn-install/master/openvpn-install.sh -O debian10-vpn.sh
Setup permissions using the chmod command{vivek@deb10:~ }$ chmod +x debian10-vpn.sh One can view the script using a text editor such as vim/vi : {vivek@deb10:~ }$ vi debian10-vpn.sh
Run debian10-vpn.sh to install OpenVPN server
Now all you have to do is: {vivek@deb10:~ }$ sudo ./debian10-vpn.sh Sample session from AWS EC2/Lightsail where my cloud server is behind NAT: Sample session from Linode/DO server where cloud server has direct public IPv4 address: To avoid problem always choose DNS as 1.1.1.1 or Google DNS. Those are fast DNS server and reached from anywhere on the Internet. Okay, that was all script needed. We are ready to setup your OpenVPN server now. You will be able to generate a client at the end of the installation as follows:
How do I start/stop/restart OpenVPN server on Debian 10 ?
{vivek@deb10:~ }$ sudo systemctl stop openvpn@server # <--- stop server {vivek@deb10:~ }$ sudo systemctl start openvpn@server # <--- start server {vivek@deb10:~ }$ sudo systemctl restart openvpn@server # <--- restart server {vivek@deb10:~ }$ sudo systemctl status openvpn@server # <--- get server status
Step 4 – Connect an OpenVPN server using IOS/Android/Linux/Windows client
On server your will find a client configuration file called ~/linuxDesktop.ovpn. All you have to do is copy this file to your local desktop using the scp command: {vivek@deb10:~ }$ scp vivek@:~/linuxDesktop.ovpn . OR {vivek@deb10:~ }$ scp root@:~/linuxDesktop.ovpn . Next, provide this file to your OpenVPN client to connect:
Test connectivity from the CLI: {vivek@deb10:~ }$ sudo openvpn --client --config /etc/openvpn/client/linuxDesktop.ovpn Sample outputs:
Sat Jul 13 21:56:07 2019 Unrecognized option or missing or extra parameter(s) in /etc/openvpn/client/linuxDesktop.ovpn:17: block-outside-dns (2.4.7)
Sat Jul 13 21:56:07 2019 OpenVPN 2.4.7 x86_64-redhat-linux-gnu [SSL (OpenSSL)] [LZO] [LZ4] [EPOLL] [PKCS11] [MH/PKTINFO] [AEAD] built on Feb 20 2019
Sat Jul 13 21:56:07 2019 library versions: OpenSSL 1.1.1c FIPS 28 May 2019, LZO 2.08
Sat Jul 13 21:56:07 2019 Outgoing Control Channel Encryption: Cipher 'AES-256-CTR' initialized with 256 bit key
Sat Jul 13 21:56:07 2019 Outgoing Control Channel Encryption: Using 256 bit message hash 'SHA256' for HMAC authentication
Sat Jul 13 21:56:07 2019 Incoming Control Channel Encryption: Cipher 'AES-256-CTR' initialized with 256 bit key
Sat Jul 13 21:56:07 2019 Incoming Control Channel Encryption: Using 256 bit message hash 'SHA256' for HMAC authentication
Sat Jul 13 21:56:07 2019 TCP/UDP: Preserving recently used remote address: [AF_INET]172.105.51.63:1194
Sat Jul 13 21:56:07 2019 Socket Buffers: R=[212992->212992] S=[212992->212992]
Sat Jul 13 21:56:07 2019 UDP link local: (not bound)
Sat Jul 13 21:56:07 2019 UDP link remote: [AF_INET]172.105.51.63:1194
Sat Jul 13 21:56:07 2019 TLS: Initial packet from [AF_INET]172.105.51.63:1194, sid=0efbc848 675b12c1
Sat Jul 13 21:56:07 2019 VERIFY OK: depth=1, CN=cn_46pSC1RkaXtUzj8E
Sat Jul 13 21:56:07 2019 VERIFY KU OK
Sat Jul 13 21:56:07 2019 Validating certificate extended key usage
Sat Jul 13 21:56:07 2019 ++ Certificate has EKU (str) TLS Web Server Authentication, expects TLS Web Server Authentication
Sat Jul 13 21:56:07 2019 VERIFY EKU OK
Sat Jul 13 21:56:07 2019 VERIFY X509NAME OK: CN=server_CfvC2CLjZBl46fYN
Sat Jul 13 21:56:07 2019 VERIFY OK: depth=0, CN=server_CfvC2CLjZBl46fYN
Sat Jul 13 21:56:07 2019 Control Channel: TLSv1.3, cipher TLSv1.3 TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384, 256 bit EC, curve: prime256v1
Sat Jul 13 21:56:07 2019 [server_CfvC2CLjZBl46fYN] Peer Connection Initiated with [AF_INET]172.105.51.63:1194
Sat Jul 13 21:56:08 2019 SENT CONTROL [server_CfvC2CLjZBl46fYN]: 'PUSH_REQUEST' (status=1)
Sat Jul 13 21:56:08 2019 PUSH: Received control message: 'PUSH_REPLY,dhcp-option DNS 1.0.0.1,dhcp-option DNS 1.1.1.1,redirect-gateway def1 bypass-dhcp,route-gateway 10.8.0.1,topology subnet,ping 10,ping-restart 120,ifconfig 10.8.0.2 255.255.255.0,peer-id 0,cipher AES-128-GCM'
Sat Jul 13 21:56:08 2019 OPTIONS IMPORT: timers and/or timeouts modified
Sat Jul 13 21:56:08 2019 OPTIONS IMPORT: --ifconfig/up options modified
Sat Jul 13 21:56:08 2019 OPTIONS IMPORT: route options modified
Sat Jul 13 21:56:08 2019 OPTIONS IMPORT: route-related options modified
Sat Jul 13 21:56:08 2019 OPTIONS IMPORT: --ip-win32 and/or --dhcp-option options modified
Sat Jul 13 21:56:08 2019 OPTIONS IMPORT: peer-id set
Sat Jul 13 21:56:08 2019 OPTIONS IMPORT: adjusting link_mtu to 1624
Sat Jul 13 21:56:08 2019 OPTIONS IMPORT: data channel crypto options modified
Sat Jul 13 21:56:08 2019 Outgoing Data Channel: Cipher 'AES-128-GCM' initialized with 128 bit key
Sat Jul 13 21:56:08 2019 Incoming Data Channel: Cipher 'AES-128-GCM' initialized with 128 bit key
Sat Jul 13 21:56:08 2019 ROUTE_GATEWAY 192.168.1.1/255.255.255.0 IFACE=wlp1s0 HWADDR=b4:6b:fc:32:7a:12
Sat Jul 13 21:56:08 2019 TUN/TAP device tun0 opened
Sat Jul 13 21:56:08 2019 TUN/TAP TX queue length set to 100
Sat Jul 13 21:56:08 2019 /sbin/ip link set dev tun0 up mtu 1500
Sat Jul 13 21:56:08 2019 /sbin/ip addr add dev tun0 10.8.0.2/24 broadcast 10.8.0.255
Sat Jul 13 21:56:08 2019 /sbin/ip route add 172.105.51.63/32 via 192.168.1.1
Sat Jul 13 21:56:08 2019 /sbin/ip route add 0.0.0.0/1 via 10.8.0.1
Sat Jul 13 21:56:08 2019 /sbin/ip route add 128.0.0.0/1 via 10.8.0.1
Sat Jul 13 21:56:08 2019 Initialization Sequence Completed
Your Linux system will automatically connect when computer restart using openvpn script/service: {vivek@deb10:~ }$ sudo systemctl start openvpn@client #
Step 5 – Verify/test the connectivity
Execute the following commands after connecting to OpenVPN server from your Linux desktop: {vivek@deb10:~ }$ ping 10.8.0.1 #Ping to the OpenVPN server gateway {vivek@deb10:~ }$ ip route #Make sure routing setup working {vivek@deb10:~ }$ dig TXT +short o-o.myaddr.l.google.com @ns1.google.com #Must return public IP address of OpenVPN server
172.105.51.63
Step 6 – Add/delete/revoke VPN users
Now that OpenVPN is already installed and running, it is time to add a new user or delete existing VPN users. We can do this smoothly by running the debian10-vpn.sh script again. Type the following command on youe OpenVPN Debian Linux v10 server: ssh vivek@my-debian-10-server sudo ./debian10-vpn.sh
Gif.01: Add or remove OpenVPN users/clients
A note about trouble shooting OpenVPN server and client issues
Check OpenVPN server for errors: {vivek@deb10:~ }$ journalctl --identifier ovpn-server
Click to enlarge imageIs firewall rule setup correctly on your server? Use the iptables command and sysctl command commands to verify NAT rule setup on your server: {vivek@deb10:~ }$ sudo iptables -t nat -L -n -v {vivek@deb10:~ }$ sysctl net.ipv4.ip_forward Insert the rules if not inserted from /etc/rc.local {vivek@deb10:~ }$ sudo sh /etc/rc.local {vivek@deb10:~ }$ sudo sysctl -w net.ipv4.ip_forward=1 Is OpenVPN server running and port is open? Use the ss command or netstat command and pidof command/ps command: {vivek@deb10:~ }$ netstat -tulpn | grep :1194 ## 1194 is the openvpn server port ## {vivek@deb10:~ }$ ss -tulpn | grep :1194 ## 1194 is the openvpn server port ## {vivek@deb10:~ }$ ps aux | grep openvpn ## is the openvpn server running? ## {vivek@deb10:~ }$ ps -C openvpn ## is the openvpn server running? ## {vivek@deb10:~ }$ pidof openvpn ## find the openvpn server PID ## If not running, restart the OpenVPN server: {vivek@deb10:~ }$ sudo systemctl restart openvpn@server Look out for errors: {vivek@deb10:~ }$ sudo systemctl status openvpn@server Can the Linux desktop client connect to the OpenVPN server machine? First you need to run a simple test to see if the OpenVPN server port (UDP 1194) accepts connections: {vivek@deb10:~ }$ nc -vu 1194 Connection to 1194 port [udp/openvpn] succeeded! If not connected it means either a Linux desktop firewall or your router is blocking access to server. Make sure both client and server using same protocol and port, e.g. UDP port 1194.
Conclusion
Congratulations. You successfully set up an OpenVPN server on Debian Linux 10 server running in the cloud. See the OpenVPN website here and script page here for additional information
